Football Wikipedia
Most often, the word football is used to refer to the code of football that is considered dominant within a particular region (which is association football in most countries). The English Football Association had chaired many discussions on setting up an international body, but was perceived as making no progress. A “running game”, resembling rugby football, was then taken up by the Montreal Football Club in Canada in 1868. A player shall be entitled to run with the ball towards his adversaries’ goal if he makes a fair catch, or catches the ball on the first bound; but in case of a fair catch, if he makes his mark he shall not run. These included free kicks, corner kicks, handball, throw-ins and the crossbar.
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In the 16th century, the city of Florence celebrated the period between Epiphany and Lent by playing a game which today is known as “calcio storico” (“historic kickball”) in the Piazza Santa Croce. The students of each school have their own ball; the workers from each city craft are also carrying their balls. The action of kicking in (clockwise from upper left) association, gridiron, rugby, and Australian football
The code was responsible for many innovations that later spread to association football. The Cambridge Rules of 1863 influenced the decision of the Football Association to ban Rugby-style carrying of the ball in its own first set of laws. The club forbade tripping but allowed pushing and holding and the picking up of the ball. (here pictured in 1857, the year of its foundation) is the oldest surviving association football club in the world.
They also feature various methods of scoring based upon whether the ball is carried into the goal area, or kicked above the goalposts. The need for a single body to oversee association football had become apparent by the beginning of the 20th century, with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. X. If any player shall run with the ball towards his adversaries’ goal, any player on the opposite side shall be at liberty to charge, hold, trip or hack him, or to wrest the ball from him, but no player shall be held and hacked at the same time. At this time, a series of rule changes by both the London and Sheffield FAs gradually eroded the differences between the two games until the adoption of a common code in 1877. Sheffield Football Club, founded in 1857 in the English city of Sheffield by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, was later recognised as the world’s oldest club playing association football.
These codes have in common the prohibition of the use of hands (by all players except the goalkeeper, though outfield players can “throw-in” the ball when it goes out of play), unlike other codes where carrying or handling the ball by all players is allowed Football is a family of team sports in which the object is to get the ball over a goal line, into a goal, or between goalposts using merely the body (by carrying, throwing, or kicking). These codes have in common the ability of players to carry the ball with their hands, and to throw it to teammates, unlike association football where the use of hands during play is prohibited by anyone except the goalkeeper. In the game, people try to attack each other’s castle by kicking a ball made of sheep leather. In all codes, common skills include passing, tackling, evasion of tackles, catching and kicking.
These changes meant that working class children had more time for games, including various forms of football. Public schools’ dominance of sports in the UK began to wane after the Factory Act 1850, which significantly increased the recreation time available to working class children. This is sometimes said to be the earliest code of rules for any football game. For example, calcio players could punch, shoulder charge, and kick opponents. The young aristocrats of the city would dress up in fine silk costumes and embroil themselves in a violent form of football. After lunch all the youth of the city go out into the fields to take part in a ball game.
The Roman politician Cicero (106–43 BC) describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barber’s shop. In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players scoring a goal must put betting no gamstop the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts. These various forms of football share, to varying degrees, common origins and are known as “football codes”.
